INTRODUCTION:
1. FEED TANK IN MULTIPLE EFFECT EVAPORATOR (MEE)
The feed tank is where the solution to be concentrated is stored. It typically contains a mixture of the desired product and the solvent, with the concentration varying depending on the specific application. The solution is fed into the evaporator system continuously or intermittently.
2. FEED PUMP IN MULTIPLEEFFECT EVAPORATOR (MEE)
The feed pump is responsible for supplying the solution from the feed tank to the first effect of the evaporator. It provides the necessary pressure to overcome the pressure drop across the system and maintain a consistent flow rate.
3. First Effect Calandria (Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger):
The first effect calandria is a shell and tube heat exchanger located in the first effect of the evaporator. Steam is used as the heating medium in this case. The solution enters the tubes, while steam flows through the shell, causing the solution to boil. Heat is transferred from the steam to the solution, resulting in evaporation and concentration of the solution.
4. First Effect Vapor Separator IN MULTIPLE EFFECT EVAPORATOR (MEE):
After passing through the first effect calandria, the vapor and liquid mixture enters the first effect vapor separator. Here, the vapor is separated from the concentrated solution, which then flows out of the bottom of the separator, while the vapor rises to the top.
5. Circulation Pump for First Effect:
The circulation pump is responsible for recirculating the concentrated solution from the first effect vapor separator back to the first effect calandria. This ensures a continuous flow of the solution and maintains the required concentration gradient.
6. Vapor Line Joining First Effect Vapor Separator to Calandria of Second Effect:
The vapor from the first effect vapor separator is directed through a vapor line to the calandria of the second effect. This vapor acts as the heating medium in the second effect, providing energy to evaporate the solution.
7. Second Effect Calandria (Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger):
Similar to the first effect calandria, the second effect calandria is a shell and tube heat exchanger. The vapor from the first effect flows through the shell, while the solution enters the tubes. Heat transfer occurs, leading to further evaporation and concentration of the solution.
8. Second Effect Vapor Separator IN MULTIPLE EFFECT EVAPORATOR (MEE):
Once the vapor and liquid mixture exits the second effect calandria, it enters the second effect vapor separator. Here, the vapor is separated from the concentrated solution, which is then collected and flows out of the bottom.
9. Circulation Pump for Second Effect:
The circulation pump for the second effect ensures the continuous recirculation of the concentrated solution from the second effect vapor separator back to the second effect calandria, maintaining the concentration gradient.
10. Vapor Line Joining Second Effect Vapor Separator to Calandria of Third Effect:
The vapor separated in the second effect vapor separator is directed through a vapor line to the calandria of the third effect. This vapor serves as the heating medium in the third effect, facilitating further evaporation.
11. Third Effect Calandria (Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger):
In the third effect calandria, the vapor from the second effect flows through the shell, while the concentrated solution enters the tubes. Heat transfer occurs, causing additional evaporation and concentration of the solution.
12. Third Effect Vapor Separator:
After passing through the third effect calandria, the vapor and liquid mixture enters the third effect vapor separator. Here, the vapor is separated from the highly concentrated solution, which is collected and exits from the bottom.
13. Circulation Pump for Third Effect:
The circulation pump for the third effect ensures the continuous recirculation of the highly concentrated solution from the third effect vapor separator back to the third effect calandria.
14. Barometric Condenser:
The vapor from the third effect is directed to the barometric condenser. In the condenser, the vapor comes into direct contact with cooling water from the cooling tower. This contact causes the vapor to condense, resulting in the removal of heat and the conversion of the vapor back into a liquid form.
15. Barometric Seal Tank:
The barometric seal tank is used to maintain the barometric condenser in a vacuum. By creating a vacuum, the boiling point of the liquid is lowered, enhancing the condensation process and improving the overall efficiency of the evaporator system.
16. Vacuum Pump for the Plant:
The vacuum pump is responsible for creating and maintaining the desired vacuum level within the evaporator system. It ensures the proper operation of the evaporator by continuously removing non-condensable gases and maintaining the required pressure differential.
17. Cooling Tower:
The cooling tower provides a source of cooling water for the barometric condenser. It removes heat from the cooling water by evaporation, thereby facilitating the condensation of the vapor in the condenser.
18. Control Panel:
The control panel contains various control instruments and devices that monitor and regulate the operation of the multiple effect evaporator. It includes temperature controllers, level controllers for each effect, vacuum gauges, and other necessary instrumentation.
Conclusion:
Multiple effect evaporators, such as the triple effect evaporator described above, offer significant advantages in terms of energy efficiency and solvent recovery. By utilizing the vapor from one effect as the heating medium for subsequent effects, these evaporators maximize the use of heat energy and reduce energy consumption. Understanding the working principle and the role of each component in the evaporator system helps to appreciate its efficiency and effectiveness in various industrial applications.
PRODUCTS:
